Uganda developed from the nineteenth century kingdom of Buganda, based along the northern shore of Lake Victoria. In 1894 Buganda was declared a British protectorate, but the country was never fully colonised. Growing self-government through a Legislative and Executive Council led to full independence on 9th October 1962. Milton Obote, leader of the Uganda People's Congress (UPC), was elected Prime Minister. He was overthrown in 1971 by Army Chief of Staff, General Idi Amin, who established a brutal dictatorship. The Asian Community was expelled in 1972 and intellectuals persecuted. Border tension led to an invasion by Tanzania, with support from exiled members of the Ugandan National Liberation Front (UNLF). President Amin was over-thrown and ill-organised elections in 1980 returned Obote's UPC to power.

President Obote's government relied on the support of the army and soon became embroiled in a savage guerrilla war against Mr. Yoweri Museveni's National Resistance Army (NRA), who regarded Obote and his supporters as criminals. Growing dissent between Acholi and the Langi factions within the army resulted in Obote's overthrow by the Acholi, led by General Tito Okello. Gen. Okello established a military council, but after a bitter battle in January 1986, the NRA occupied Kampala and Mr. Museveni was installed as President.

In 1995, Uganda adopted a new constitution. The Constitution provided for Presidential, Parliamentary and local elections over the next two years, to be held under the existing restrictions on activity by political parties. A referendum was held in June 2000, which decided to maintain the restrictions. The elections which followed in May and June 1996, for President and Parliament respectively, were generally free and fair, notwithstanding the ban on party activity. President Museveni won the Presidency with 74.2% of the vote; NRM sympathisers won a majority vote in the Parliament.

The second presidential election was held on 12th March 2001. H.E. President Yoweri Museveni won a second term in office. Considerable progress has been made in restoring peace across Uganda and in rebuilding infrastructure shattered by civil war. Uganda's first multi-party elections since 1980 were held on 23rd February 2006. H.E. President Yoweri Museveni was re-elected for a third term, and a 4th term in 2011.